Birds

Common species of bird pest problems include Feral Pigeons, Columba livia var, House Sparrows, Passer domesticus, Starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, and Gulls.

Feral Pigeons are about 33 cm in length and weigh between 280 and 560g. Its plumage can vary considerably and there is no visible difference between sexes. They are descended from domesticated strains of the rock dove. Feral pigeons build their nests in or on buildings and other structures, where they are usually found on ledges or in hallows- often under eaves or on girders. Feral pigeons normally feed in flocks and for most of the year rely mainly on spillage at food premises or on scraps.

House Sparrows are about 14.5 cm long and have a short heavy bill. The male can be recognised in flight by the colour of the wings and back, which are warm brown, speckled with black; it has a short white wing bar and grey rump. Nests are built, mainly by the male, in a variety of places, including holes in walls and trees, in rainwater pipes, under eaves of houses and in the nests of other birds. As a result of feeding habits the bird is responsible for spoiling and fouling foodstuffs with associated breakdown of hygiene as well as loss of product.

Starlings are about 21.5 cm long. The plumage is blackish with a green and purple iridescence, especially in summer. Pale spots seen in winter fade away by spring. Starlings build large nests, in cavities in trees and buildings. Usually 4 eggs are laid and incubated by the female for 12-13 days. Fledging takes place after 21-23 days, and soon after become independent of their parents. Damage results from both the starlings’ feeding and roosting habits, and consists mainly of fouling and food removal.

Gulls are medium-sized to large birds, long-winged, conspicuous birds which often occur in large social flocks. Eggs are laid in April and May with up to 3 eggs being laid at 2-3 day intervals. Incubation in herring gulls takes 28-30 days. Young can make first flights at about 10 days but do not leave the nest area until 2-6 weeks. Normally there is only a single clutch.